It is a very difficult time when you are a fresher and have no idea where to go, what to do about the career you have chosen. when I started off it was the same for me, I was excited when I first joined, my first year was all learning and having a background of more of life sciences and less of food technology, each step was a learning tornado for me. As time went by, two years down the lane and I started panicking about my future, where will I be, what next? Phd? or Business! 

I have few options or at least that helped me and i believe will help you in a way or two. once you get in, try to understand how each department works. If you were hired in the production, it is much more informative in terms of how a food company works. There are huge areas for specialization, supply chain and management is one of them. If hired in the QC ( Quality control) or QA ( quality assurance) you may advance your career with certifications on different levels of HACCP and even become an Auditor. R&D has its own way of tackling things and that is where I started my career.

As you change companies and or food industries, it becomes difficult to draw a map to your future, but if you aim to get into the top companies, I would recommend, visiting their sites and check what are their job requirements, may be the years of experience they look for, the specialization they look for , so on and so forth. Prepare yourself to reach there, target a company, see what courses or what kind of knowledge will be important for you to reach there. 

A key is to have patience, things donot occur over night unless someone is so lucky to just reach out to the top most position in the corporate hierarchy, for the rest of us.... We try, we learn, we fail, and we aim.